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- May 5, 1986WORLDShowdown with a Shadowy Past
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- The Waldheim controversy boils over as the election nears
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- Speaking before television cameras in Vienna's ornate Hofburg
- Palace, Austrian President Rudolf Kirchschlager was at pains to
- select his words carefully. His aim: to render a balanced
- judgment for his 7 million countrymen about accusations that
- Presidential Candidate Kurt Waldheim, the former United Nations
- Secretary-General, had knowingly falsified his World War II
- record and was involved in Nazi atrocities.
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- Kirchschlager, who was once a judge, had closeted himself for
- ten days with more than 500 pages of documents from the U.N.,
- the Yugoslav government and the World Jewish Congress that
- detailed Waldheim's activities as a lieutenant in the German
- army from 1942 to 1945. The first published reports about
- Waldheim's military service had shattered his pretense that he
- had been mustered out of the army after being wounded in 1941.
- Faced with evidence to the contrary, he has since admitted
- returning to active service as an army interpreter in Greece and
- Yugoslavia. Nonetheless, he maintains that he was not aware
- that Greek Jews were being deported to death camps or of the
- extent of Nazi massacres of Yugoslav partisans.
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- Waldheim, Kirchschlager declared last week, must have known
- about the brutal reprisals taken against the partisans by his
- army unit. But while the President mentioned a 1948
- recommendation by the War Crimes Commission that Waldheim be
- prosecuted for his actions, he added, "I would not dare to file
- an indictment in a regular court. Do not expect a verdict from
- me."
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- Waldheim interpreted the hedged pronouncement as exoneration.
- "I am most grateful to the President," he said. "All charges
- are now refuted. Nothing remains in doubt." But even as he
- tried to put the matter behind him, his son Gerhard, 38, stirred
- up new embarrassment. At a news conference in Washington last
- week, Gerhard implied that Nazi Hunter Simon Wiesenthal and
- Javier Perez de Cuellar, the current U.N. Secretary-General, had
- accepted his father's explanation of his wartime record. Both
- Perez de Cuellar and Wiesenthal denied that they had formed a
- final judgment about the case. Potentially graver damage to the
- candidate's prospects came last week when it was revealed that
- an internal report from the Justice Department's office of
- special investigations recommended that Waldheim be barred from
- entering the U.S.
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- Coming just eleven days before the May 4 presidential election,
- Kirchschlager's cautious assessment did little to clarify
- matters for the 20% of Austrian voters who, according to private
- polls, are still undecided about the Waldheim affair. Both
- Waldheim, the standard- bearer of the conservative People's
- Party, and Socialist Candidate Kurt Steyrer, a onetime Health
- Minister, insist that the former U.N. chief's wartime record
- should not be an election issue. In fact, the controversy has
- rallied support for Waldheim. Before the March disclosure that
- he had misrepresented his wartime service, most polls showed him
- trailing Steyrer by a narrow margin. After the allegations
- began to mushroom, polls put Waldheim 10 points ahead, but the
- gap has narrowed lately.
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- Beyond the immediate political repercussions, though, the
- controversy over the former Secretary-General's war record has
- forced Austrians to confront long-suppressed but painful
- questions about their country's support for Hitler. Unlike West
- Germans, most Austrians have not had to analyze their role in
- World War II. Although the country had 600,000 registered
- members of Nazi organizations by the end of the war, the Allied
- powers declared that Austria had been the first victim of
- Hitler's aggression when he annexed the country in 1938.
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- After the war, political neutrality, social stability and
- cultural heritage helped spawn a popular aphorism: Austria's
- greatest postwar feat was to convince the world the Beethoven
- was an Austrian and Hitler a German. Says Vienna Psychiatrist
- Harald Leupold-Lowenthal: "Waldheim is not such a surprising
- case. He adjusted, as many did, and then forgot the truth."
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- Some Austrians believe that the charges against Waldheim, first
- leaked by the World Jewish Congress, were timed to influence
- the elections. Since then, both candidates' campaign posters
- have been defaced with swastikas or Stars of David, and members
- of Austria's tiny Jewish community of 7,500 have received hate
- mail. Waldheim has avoided references to World War II in his
- campaign speeches, although he has said that he regrets the
- "tragedy of Jews in Europe."
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- Even if he wins the presidency, Waldheim's past may continue to
- haunt him. West German President Richard von Weizsacker
- recently moved up an official visit to Austria so he could be
- received by Kirchschlager rather than risk having Waldheim as
- his host. U.N. officials who served under him have reportedly
- said that the former Secretary- General was regarded as a
- blatant opportunist rather than a dedicated diplomat. That is
- hardly the image Waldheim tried to project at the beginning of
- the campaign, when he was portrayed as "A Man the World Trusts."
- In recent weeks, however, his campaign has adopted a more
- defiant slogan: "We Austrians Will Vote for Whom We Want."
-
- --By John Moody. Reported by Gertraud Lessing and William
- McWhirter/Vienna
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